Analisis Perhitungan Biaya Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak Pemerintah: Studi Kasus pada Pusintek, Kementerian Keuangan

This study aim to propose a software costing for public sector, by using both of activity-based costing (ABC) method and traditional costing method. We based on a case study in Pusintek, Ministry of Finance and using a field observation, interviews and literature studies to collect data and information such as related to the preparation of software costing simulations. Finally, we proposed a software costing by ABC method and traditional costing method for Pusintek. We find that the software costing by ABC is cheaper than traditional costing, however the ABC costing takes more assumption and more complex calculations. We have several limitation related to lack of data, use more assumptions and find a complicated of data's segregation. We suggest to use traditional costing to calculate the software cost, because traditional costing is simpler and practicable in the public sector, since the degree of complexity is lower than ABC costing. The ABC has more accurate cost calculation, but it considers more assumption, need more documents, and higher complexity of job's procedures. In the public sector, it was still a lack of requirement to apply the ABC

Growth and yield potential of Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc & Chase: A forage plant used in verticalflow constructed wetlands in Cameroon

This work aims at assessing growth and productivity of Echinochloa pyramidalis in the saline and saline-flooded processes of wetland treatment. Growth characteristics such as density, number of dead plants, height and number of new shoots and biomass production of the plant were studied using 24 laboratory-scale units of vertical-flow constructed wetlands fed with faecal sludge supernatant. Plants collected from the surrounding wetlands were subjected to four salinity levels with electrical conductivity of 2, 3, 6 and 9 dS.m-1 under both drained and flooded conditions for a 100 day period. The results revealed that salinity and flooding combined with salinity stresses had similar effect on plant survival, height and density, leading to growth and biomass reduction at the higher salinity level than under natural growth conditions. Despite these stress effects, E. pyramidalis remained healthy with no signs of salt or saline-flooding stress injury but higher biomass production. As E. pyramidalis is a forage plant its high biomass production in the wetland treatment systems shows the potential of wetland systems to create a local economy based on forage production and thus the opportunity to link sanitation stewardship to food production. This may contribute to sustain sanitation infrastructures at the same time as increasing food security, especially in developing countries.Key words: Constructed wetlands, Echinochloa pyramidalis, faecal sludge, flooding, growth, salinity, yield potential

A theoretical study of non-adiabatic surface effects for a model in the NTF cryogenic wind tunnel

A theoretical analysis was made of the severity and effect of nonadiabatic surface conditions for a model in the NTF cryogenic wind tunnel. The nonadiabatic condition arises from heaters that are used to maintain a constant thermal environment for instrumentation internal to the model. The analysis was made for several axi-symmetric representations of a fuselage cavity, using a finite element heat conduction code. Potential flow and boundary layer codes were used to calculate the convection condition for the exterior surface of the model. The results of the steady state analysis show that it is possible to maintain the surface temperature very near the adiabatic value, with the judicious use of insulating material. Even for the most severe nonadiabatic condition studied, the effects on skin friction drag and displacement thickness were only marginally significant. The thermal analysis also provided an estimate of the power required to maintain a specified cavity temperature

3D Geometric Analysis of Tubular Objects based on Surface Normal Accumulation

This paper proposes a simple and efficient method for the reconstruction and extraction of geometric parameters from 3D tubular objects. Our method constructs an image that accumulates surface normal information, then peaks within this image are located by tracking. Finally, the positions of these are optimized to lie precisely on the tubular shape centerline. This method is very versatile, and is able to process various input data types like full or partial mesh acquired from 3D laser scans, 3D height map or discrete volumetric images. The proposed algorithm is simple to implement, contains few parameters and can be computed in linear time with respect to the number of surface faces. Since the extracted tube centerline is accurate, we are able to decompose the tube into rectilinear parts and torus-like parts. This is done with a new linear time 3D torus detection algorithm, which follows the same principle of a previous work on 2D arc circle recognition. Detailed experiments show the versatility, accuracy and robustness of our new method.Comment: in 18th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, Sep 2015, Genova, Italy. 201

The economic potential of Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc & Chase forage plant used in liquid waste treatment in Cameroon: Opportunity to link sanitation to food security

Cameroon, like other developing countries, faces major problems in the urban centres such as high rate of population increase, food and ruminant feed shortages as well as inadequate access to sanitation. However, Echinochloa pyramidalis, well-known forage adapted to the drying vegetated beds for wastewater and faecal sludge treatments with similar characteristics as Typha sp., Phragmites sp., might be used in the dual purpose as animal feed and as support material in sanitation treatment. This study aimed at linking sanitation technology to forage production. A socio-economic survey conducted in Douala, Yaoundé and Garoua to evaluate the economic potential of E. pyramidalis showed the daily quantities of marketed forage between 5 and 8-tons of fresh weight (FW) respectively during dry and rainy season. The forage price varies with season and species from USD 0.1–0.2 to USD 0.2–0.3/kg FW with daily income of USD 800–1’600 and USD 500–1’500 respectively to rainy and dry season. While comparable to most tropical forages, the nutritional values of E. pyramidalis after 45 and 100 days of wetland treatment were only affected by the advancing maturity. Thus, E. pyramidalis can be easily grown in wetland systems and sold for animal feeding in the local market.Keywords: Echinochloa pyramidalis, economic potential, forage production, nutritional values, sanitation technology, vertical-flow constructed wetland